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Wednesday, September 09, 2020

Malaysia 2018 : Alat-alat Muzik di Malaysia FDC



Alat-alat Muzik di Malaysia Siri 2 

Masyarakat yang berbilang kaum di Malaysia mempunyai Tatar belakang budaya yang pelbagai. Setiap kumpulan etnik mempunyai alat muzik tradisional mereka tersendiri. Dalam edisi kedua sill alat muzik ini, alat-alat muzik tradisional bertali yang di paparkan adalah Gambus dari kaum Melayu, Sitar dari kaum India, Pipa dari kaum Cina, Sape dari kaum Orang Ulu (Sarawak) dan Sundatang dari kaum Kadazandusun (Sabah). Peralatan muzik ini mencerminkan khazanah muzik tradisi masyarakat etnik di negara ini. 

Musical Instruments of Malaysia Series 2 

The multi-ethnic community of Malaysia comprises of diverse cultural backgrounds. The ethnic communities of Malaysia have their own traditional music instruments. In this second edition of the series on musical instruments, the string instruments featured are the Malay's Gambus, Indian's Sitar, Chinese's Pipa, Orang Ulu's (Sarawak) Sape and Kadazandusun's Sundatang (Sabah). Each of these musical instruments reflects the rich musical treasures as well as the traditions of the people in Malaysia. 

Sitar 
Sitar adalah alat muzik tradisional kaum India. la mempunyai badan berbentuk bulat Lonjong dan leher yang panjang dan lebar. Sitar juga sering mempunyai tabu di bawah hujung lehernya. la mengimbangi alat tersebut dan membantu untuk menyokongnya apabila is ditetakkan bila tidak dimainkan. Pemain Sitar biasanya duduk bersila dan memegang sitar di atas paha. Mereka menggunakan pemetik tali yang dipasang di jari telunjuk untuk memetik tali, manakala tangan Lain bergerak dan menekan tali pada leher untuk menghasilkan nada yang berbeza. 

The Sitar is a traditional Indian musical instrument. It has a pear-shaped body and a long, wide neck. The sitar often also has a resonating gourd under the end of the neck. This balances the instrument and helps to support it when it is not being played. Sitar players usually sit crosslegged and hold the sitar on their laps. They use a large plectrum on the forefinger to pluck the strings, while the other hand moves and holds the strings on the neck to produce different tones. 

Pipa 
Pipa itu adalah alat muzik tradisional masyarakat Cina. Alat ini merupakan saLah satu alat muzik Cina yang tertua, dengan sejarah lebih dua ribu tahun. Pipa mempunyai badan berbentuk bulat lonjong yang diperbuat dari kayu, dengan leher panjang yang mempunyai bilangan fret dari 12 hingga 30 dan empat tali yang diperbuat daripada logam. la biasanya dimainkan dalam orkestra Cina, sebagai alat muzik solo ataupun sebagai alat muzik pengiring dalam nyanyian.

The Pipa is a traditional musical instrument of the Chinese community. It is one of the oldest Chinese musical instruments, with a two thousand years history. The Pipa has a pear-shaped body made from wood, a long neck with varying number of frets from 12 to 30 and four strings made of metal. It is played in the Chinese orchestra, as a solo or to accompany singers.

Sape 
Sape merupakan alat muzik tradisional komuniti Orang Ulu di Sarawak. Sape diperbuat dari sebatang kayu, dan biasanya berukuran lebih dari satu meter panjang. Sape mempunyai dua tali dan tiga fret. Pada masa dahulu, muzik sape diilham dari mimpi dan dimainkan dalam upacara keagamaan kerana alunan muziknya akan membawa pendengar ke alam khayalan. Terkini, Sape dijadikan atat muzik yang digunakan sebagai alat muzik untuk hiburan yang dimainkan semasa musim perayaan atau keramaian dan untuk mengiringi persembahan tarian. 

The sape is a traditional lute of the Orang Ulu community in Sarawak. The Sapes are carved from a single piece of wood, usually over a metre in length. The Sape has two strings and three frets. Traditionally, it was played only in religious rituals. The music were inspired by dreams and they were played to induce trance. However, Sape has gradually became a social musical instrument as a form of entertainment. Today, it is played during festivities or communal gatherings, and to accompany dances. 
   
Sundatang 
Sundatang adalah alat muzik tradisional di kaLangan Kadazandusun di Sabah. la biasanya dibuat dari kayu keras, dan mempunyai dua atau tiga tali. Sundatang mempunyai badan yang panjang, leher dengan fret dan pasak di hujung leher. Sundatang biasanya dimainkan untuk mengiringi tarian Sundatang magarang, atau dimainkan secara solo. Dahulu, Sundatang dimainkan apabila terdapat kematian untuk mengubati kesedihan. Sundatang turut dimainkan untuk mengisi masa lapang. Walau bagaimanapun, alat ini semakin popular dan kini menjadi sebahagian daripada persembahan muzik tradisional. 

Sundatang is a popular traditional stringed musical instrument among the Kadazandusun in Sabah. It is usually constructed from hardwood and has two or three strings. It has a long narrow body, a long neck with frets and pegs at the end to tune the strings. Sundatang is usually played to accompany the Sundatang magarang dance, or just on its own. Initially, Sundatang was played in times of grieving when someone passed away. It was a musical instrument that people play to while away the time. However, it grew more popular and became an integral part of the traditional musical performance.  

Gambus 
Gambus Melayu adalah alat muzik tradisional yang dibawa ke Semenanjung Melayu pada awal 1800 oleh pedagang Arab dari Yemen. Gambus mempunyai badan berbentuk buah pir dan mempunyai 12 tali. la Alat ini dimainkan seperti gitar, tetapi tidak seperti gitar, leher Gambus tidak mempunyai fret. Muzik Ghazal sering mempunyai pengaruh Arab dan Hindustan. Popularitinya berkembang di Johor dan Gambus Melayu dimainkan dalam kumpulan Ghazal. Gambus boleh dimainkan secara solo, untuk mengiringi nyanyian atau dimainkan secara instrumental untuk mengiringi tarian seperti zapin. 

The Malay Gambus is a traditional musical instrument brought to the Malay Peninsula in early 1800 by Arab merchants from Yemen. The Gambus has a pear-shaped body with 12 strings. It is played like a guitar but unlike the guitar, the Gambus neck has no frets. Ghazal music often has Arab and Hindustan influences. Its popularity grew in Johor and Gambus Melayu was played in a Ghazal group. It can be played solo, to accompany singing or played instrumentally to accompany dances like zapin. 

Penghargaan /Acknowledgements : Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian Negara 

Butiran Teknikal / Technical Details

Tarikh Ketuaran / Date of Issue 10.04.2018 
Denominasi / Denomination 60sen (65sen) x 2 reka bentuk / designs ; 80sen (85sen) x 2 reka bentuk / designs 
Saiz Setem / Stamp Size 30mm x 40mm 
Kandungan Helaian / Sheet Content 20 setem / stamps 
Tebukan / Perforation 13.33 x 13.33 
Denominasi Lembaran Mini / Miniature Sheet Denomination RM5 (RM5.30*) 
Saiz Lembaran Mini / Miniature Sheet Size 100mm x 80mm 
Saiz Setem Datam Lembaran Mini / Stamp Size in Miniature Sheet 75mm x 55.7mm 
Kertas / Paper 102 gsm Stamp Paper OBA Free, PVA Gummed from Tullis Russel TR8 
Proses Percetakan / Printing Process Litografi / Lithography 
Pencetak / Printer Southern Colour Print, New Zealand 
Pereka Bentuk / Designer Reign Associates Sdn. Bhd 
Sampul Surat Had Pertama / First Day Cover 55sen
Folder / Folder RM6.35 

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