Malaysia 2018 : Sungai-sungai di Malaysia FDC

Sungai-sungai di Malaysia 

Sungai merupakan sumber semulajadi yang amat penting. la menyediakan keperluan air untuk aktiviti harian, pertanian dan sosial. Sebelum kemunculan jalanraya tar dan pengangkutan moden yang lain, sungai-sungai di Malaysia merupakan jaringan pengangkutan utama. Sungai-sungai juga merupakan habitat bagi petbagai species haiwan akuatik, antaranya ikan-ikan yang menjadi hidangan tazat seperti patin, kelah dan jelawat. Peranan sungai sebagai tatuan pengangkutan utama menjurus kepada tebing sungai dan muara menjadi titik pertemuan utama dan tempat untuk perdagangan. Kini, sungai juga digunakan untuk aktiviti-aktiviti lain termasuk eko-pelancongan. Walau bagaimanapun, penggunaan sungai secara metuas mungkin menyebabkan pencemaran dan kemusnahan. Kita perlu mengawal dan menguruskan sungai kita untuk memastikan bahawa is terus mengalir dan kekal mampan untuk dinikmati oteh generasi akan datang. Tiga daripada sungai terpanjang dan paling penting di Malaysia iatah Sungai Pahang di Semenanjung Malaysia, Sungai Kinabatangan di Sabah dan Sungai Rajang di Sarawak. Sungai-sungai ini mempunyai sejarahnya yang tersendiri dan memberi kesan yang besar kepada mereka yang mendiami kawasan di sepanjang sungai ini. 

Rivers in Malaysia Rivers form an important part of a country. It provides fresh water for daily activities, agriculture and also social activities. Before the introduction of tarmac roads and other modern transportation, the rivers and their tributaries in Malaysia were main means of transportation. The rivers are homes for various species of aquatic animals, some of which are popular delicacies like the patin, kelah and jelawat. Being the major transportation lines, riverbanks and estuaries became main meeting points and places for markets and trading posts. Nowadays, rivers are also used for other wide-ranging activities including eco-tourism. However, extensive utilisation of the rivers may lead to their pollution and destruction. We need to control and manage our rivers to ensure that they continue to flow and sustain the lives that are interlinked with these natural resource. It is our collective responsibility to ensure that our rivers are not spoiled, polluted and dirtied and that they remain in pristine states for all to enjoy for generations to come. Three of the longest and most important rivers in Malaysia are the Pahang river in Peninsular Malaysia, Kinabatangan river in Sabah and the Rajang river in Sarawak. They have storied histories and huge impact for a large number of people who populated the areas along these rivers. 

Sungai Rajang, Sarawak 

Sungai Rajang yang mengalir sepanjang 563 kilometer ke Laut China Selatan adalah sungai terpanjang di Malaysia. Antara anak-anak sungai utama bagi Sungai Rajang adalah Sungai Baleh, Sungai Balui, Sungai Katibas, Sungai Ngemah, Sungai Iran, Sungai Pita, Sungai Bangkit, Sungai Kanowit dan Sungai Belaga. Sungai Rajang mempunyai sumbernya di pergunungan Iran dan sepanjang perjalanan ke muara, sungai ini memberikan rezeki kepada manusia, haiwan dan tumbuh-tumbuhan. Sungai Rajang adalah habitat bagi lumba-lumba Irrawaddy (Orcaella brevirostris), ikan Empurau (Tor tambroides) yang terkenal, buaya tembaga (Crocodylus porosus), monyet Proboscis (Nasalis larvatus); burung Enggang (Buceros rhinoceros) dan tumbuh-tumbuhan unik seperti orkid Papilionanthe hookeriana dan tumbuhan Periuk Kera. Kapal-kapal boleh mudik hingga ke petabuhan Sibu yang terletak 60 kilometer di pedalaman. Bot dan kapal kecil naik lagi sehingga160 kilometer ke hulu. Sibu merupakan bandar terbesar di Sungai Rajang dan bandar-bandar utama dan penempatan-penduduk yang lain termasuklah Sarikei, Bintangor, Belaga, Kanowit dan Kapit, yang merupakan bandar besar yang terakhir dihutu. Cara pengangkutan ke pendalaman Sarawak di sepanjang Sungai Rajang adalah bot laju dan bot panjang. Lembangan Sungai Rajang menyediakan tanah pertanian yang subur dan salah satu hash yang paling penting di sini adalah sagu. Sungai Rajang juga merupakan kediaman kepada beberapa fauna yang unik dan menarik seperti monyet, langur, tupai gergasi hitam dan kongkang. Di dalam sungai itu sendiri, Empurau dan Semah merupakan tarikan paling popular di kalangan penduduk tempatan dan pelancong. Lumba-lumba juga sering kelihatan tetapi is hanya mendiami kawasan-kawasan di muara sungai. Sungai Rajang mempunyai banyak daya tarikan samada semulajadi ataupun buatan manusia. Terdapat juga perjalanan pelayaran di Sungai Rajang yang membotehkan pelawat menjelajah sungai dan pergi mendaki dan melawat rumah panjang di sepanjang tebing sungai.

Rajang River, Sarawak 

The Rajang river that flows for 563 kilometers into the South China Sea is the longest river in Malaysia. The main tributaries of the Rajang river includes the Baleh river, Balui river, Katibas river, Ngemah river, Iran river, Pita river, Bangkit river, Kanowit river and Belaga river. The Rajang river has its source in the Iran mountains and along the way to the estuary, the river provide sustenance to people, animals and plants alike. The Rajang river is home to the Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris), the famous Sarawak Empurau (Tor tambroides), the ferocious estuary crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus), the Proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus), majestic birds such as the Rhinoceros hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros) and unique plants such as the Papilionanthe hookeriana orchids and pitcher plants. Medium size ships can sail upriver to the port in Sibu, which is 60 kilometres inland. Shallow draft boats can go up further for another 160 kilometers. Sibu is the largest city on the Rajang river and other major towns and settlements include Sarikei, Bintangor, Belaga, Kanowit and Kapit, which is the last major town up river. The major form of transport into the interior of Sarawak along the Rajang river are speedboats and longboats. The delta of the Rajang river is fertile land and one of the most important harvests here is sagu. The Rajang river basin is also home to some unique and interesting fauna such as gibbon, Iangurs, black giant squirrel, slow Ms and tarsier. In the river itself the Empurau and Semah reign supreme as the most popular among the locals and tourists alike. Dolphins are also often seen, but they inhabit only the areas in the rivermouth. The Rajang river holds a lot of attractions both natural and man-made. There are also cruise trips on the Rajang river that allow visitors to explore the river and go hiking and visit the longhouses along the riverbanks.

Sungai Pahang, Pahang 

Sungai Pahang mengalir melalui negeri Pahang, Malaysia. la mengalir sepanjang 459 kilometer dan merupakan sungai terpanjang di Semenanjung Malaysia. la bermula di pertemuan Sungai Jelai dan Tembeling di pergunungan Titiwangsa dan berakhir di Laut China Selatan. Dad dataran tinggi, is melalui Kuala Lipis, Kuala Tahan, Kuala Krau, Temerloh, Pekan dan Kuala Pahang. Sungai Pahang dan anak-anak sungainya seperti Sungai Jelai dan Sungai Tembeling mengalir melalui semua daerah di Pahang kecuali Rompin. Rekod-rekod bertulis dalam Hikayat Melayu dan Hikayat Munshi Abdullah menunjukkan bahawa terdapat penempatan di sepanjang tebing Sungai Pahang sejak awal tahun 1400. Pelaut dari Acheh, Palembang, Riau dan daerah lain di Asia Tenggara meneroka Sungai Pahang untuk berdagang dan akhirnya membina penempatan mereka. Pedagang-pedagang mudik dari Muar ke Kuala Pahang di Pekan atau Kuala Lipis dan kemudian meneruskan perjalanan ke Terengganu, Kelantan atau Perak. Masyarakat tempatan mengumpul hasil hutan seperti rotan, gaharu, basil pertanian lain dan menggunakan sungai untuk ke penempatan serta bandar lain untuk berdagang. Had ini, Sungai Pahang masih memainkan peranan penting bukan sahaja bagi penduduk yang mendiami tebing sungai tetapi juga orang-orang dari dari kawasan sekitarnya. Terdapat Indust' perikanan yang pesat dengan sebilangan besar netayan bergantung kepada sungai untuk kehidupan mereka. Eko-pelancongan juga telah menjadi penting sebagai satu lagi sumber pulangan ekonomi. Pelancong tempatan dan antarabangsa pergi ke tempat-tempat menarik di sepanjang Sungai Pahang untuk mengambil bahagian dalam aktiviti seperti berakit, memancing, berkhemah dan melawat pelbagai lokasi bersejarah atau tempat menarik. Terdapat tujuh jambatan yang dibina di seluruh Sungai Pahang yang membotehkan perjalanan lancar dan hubungan yang tebih baik. 

Pahang River, Pahang 

The Pahang river flows through the state of Pahang, Malaysia. It is the longest river in Peninsular Malaysia at 459 km in length. It begins at the confluence of fetal river and Tembeling river on the Titiwangsa mountains and ends into the South China Sea. As it flows southeasterly from the highland it passes through Kuala Lipis, Kuala Tahan, Kuala Krau, Temerloh, Pekan and Kuala Pahang. Pahang river and its tributaries, Jelai river and Tembeling river, flow through all districts in Pahang except Rompin. The written records in the Malay Annals and Hikayat Munshi Abdullah indicated that there were settlements along the banks of Pahang river since the early 1400. Seafarers from Acheh, Palembang, Riau and other maritime people of Southeast Asia ventured up Pahang river to trade and eventually built-up their settlements. The trading boats from Muar could sail up to Kuala Pahang in Pekan or Kuala Lipis and then continued into Terengganu, Kelantan or Perak. The people would collect rattan, agarwood and other agricultural produce and travel down river to other settlements and town to trade. Today, the Pahang river still plays an important role not only for the people who inhabits the riverbanks but also those from afar. There is a thriving fish industry with a large number of fishermen depending on the river for their livelihood. Eco-tourism also has grown important as another source of economic returns. Local and international tourist flock to numerous points along the Pahang river to participate in activities such as rafting, fishing, trekking, camping and to visit various historical locations or interesting places. There are seven bridges built across the Pahang river which allowed smoother travel and better connectivity among the people. 

Sungai Kinabatangan, Sabah 

Sungai Kinabatangan di Sabah adalah sungai kedua terpanjang di Malaysia dengan panjangnya 560 kilometer. la bermula di pergunungan di barat daya Sabah dan mengalir ke Laut Sulu di timur. Lembangan Sungai Kinabatangan merupakan tembangan air tawar terbesar di Sabah dan is menempatkan pelbagai flora dan fauna yang unik. la juga menjadi punca rezeki kepada penduduk sekitarnya dan juga menjadi tuan rumah pelbagai aktiviti menarik. Pada zaman dahulu pedagang-pedagang dari empayar China sering belayar ke Sungai Kinabatangan untuk mencari sarang burung yang amat berharga. Kini Sungai Kinabatangan menjadi tuan rumah bagi pelayaran sungai yang membotehkan para petancong melihat kehidupan moden dan tradisional di sepanjang sungai. Di muara Sungai Kinabatangan sebuah tempat perlindungan bagi orangutan telah dibina untuk melindungi dan mempromosikan orang utan dalam habitat semulajadinya. Hutan tanah rendah dan pays bakau di tepi pantai pula menyediakan tempat perlindungan untuk populasi buaya air masin dan kepetbagaian vo a  hidupan liar Borneo, termasuk monyet Proboscis, orang utan Borneo dan gajah Kerdil Borneo. Kawasan ini juga dikenali dengan pelbagai jenis burung. Kesemua Japan spesis burung enggang Borneo boleh didapati di sini. Satu-satunya jambatan yang menyeberangi Sungai Kinabatangan terletak kira-kira 108 kilometer dari Sandakan. Eko-pelancongan sangat penting dan popular serta tembangan Sungai Kinabatangan menyediakan banyak tarikan. Pusat konservasi yang dibina di Sukau menjalankan usaha untuk menjaga dan metindungi haiwan. usaha ini jugs membawa kepada peluang untuk lawatan bagi melihat kepelbagaian semulajadi yang kaya di hutan Sabah. 

Kinabatangan River, Sabah 

The Kinabatangan river in Sabah is the second longest river in Malaysia with a length of 560 kilometres. It started in the mountains in southwest Sabah and flows out into the Sulu Sea in the east. The Kinabatangan river basin is the biggest freshwater basin in Sabah and is home to various flora and fauna that are unique. It provides sustenance to the population and also host myriad activities. It is claimed that traders from the Chinese empire used to travel up the Kinabatangan river in search of precious bird nests that they covet. Nowadays, the Kinabatangan plays host to river cruises that allow tourists to see lives along the river, both modern and traditional. Downriver near the rivermouth, a sanctuary for orangutan was esrtablished to protect and promote the orangutan in its natural habitat. The lowland forests and mangrove swamps near the coast provide sanctuary for a population of saltwater crocodiles and has a high concentration of Borneo's wildlife, including the indigenous proboscis monkeys, Bornean orangutan and Borneo pygmy elephants. The area is also known for its great variety of birdlife. All eight species of the majestic hornbills of Borneo can be found here. The only bridge crossing the Kinabatangan river is located about 108 kilometres from Sandakan. Ecotourism is very important and popular as the Kinabatangan river basin provides numerous attractions. A conservation centre established in Sukau leads the efforts to maintain and protect animals. This leads to managed tours that bring visitors to see the rich natural diversity in the forest of Sabah. 

Butiran Teknikal / Technical Details

Tarikh Keluaran / Date of Issue 27.02.2018

Denominasi Setem / Stamp Denomination 60sen (65sen) & 80sen (85sen) 

Saiz Setem / Stamp Size 70mm x 30mm 

Kandungan Helaian / Sheet Content 10 setem / 10 stamps 

Tebukan / Perforation 13 - 131/2 

Denominasi Lembaran Mini / Miniature Sheet Denomination RM8 (RM8.501 

Saiz Lembaran Mini / Miniature Sheet Size 180mm x 60mm

Saiz Setem Dalam Lembaran Mini / Stamp Size in Miniature Sheet 160mm x 30mm 

Tebukan / Perforation 13 - 131/2 

Kertas / Paper 102 grams PVA Gummed OBA-free stamp paper 

Proses Percetakan / Printing Process Litografi / Lithography 

Pencetak / Printer Thai British Security Printing, Thailand 

Pereka Bentuk / Designer Reign Associates Sdn. Bhd. 

Samput Surat Hari Pertama / First Day Cover 55sen 

Folder / Folder RM6.35